Commercial mortgage applications – tips for your first application

In this article, Allica Bank’s Gareth Anderson guides you through your first commercial mortgage application

You’re in an exciting position – buying a commercial property can be the start of the next phase for your business, mark a period of growth, or signal a change in priorities. It’s a transformative moment, but can also be complex and – typically – quite cumbersome. 

I say that with some confidence because, over the years, countless business owners have told me that they don’t know what to expect when making an application. And this can make it difficult to understand what they can do to help it go more smoothly. 

That’s why I wanted to put together a comprehensive guide to the commercial mortgage application process – from making that initial application, to valuations and all the legal bits – to give you some more confidence about what lies ahead and share some tips on how you can help speed the process along. 

What is a commercial mortgage? 

A commercial mortgage is a lending product used to purchase a commercial premises (e.g. an office, warehouse, or garage), either for your own business to operate from, or to rent out to other businesses. It is a distinct product from residential mortgages. 

You might be looking to buy a premises to improve your cash flow, feel more in control of your own destiny, unlock growth potential, or invest in an income-generating asset. Irrespective of the reason, the process of getting a commercial mortgage can be a long one. Hopefully this guide can help keep the wait to a minimum! 

The commercial mortgage application process 

Step 1: find a commercial mortgage provider 

The two most popular and most efficient routes to a commercial mortgage are to either work with a broker or to talk directly to your bank. 

A broker can usually access more lending products than you could on your own and will have a wider view of the market, which is great if you are looking for a breadth of options. Also, if your cash position is borderline when it comes to your loan-to-value ratio (the size of your deposit), a broker will be able to help you identify which products will still work for you. 

If you have a relationship manager at your bank, they can be the perfect conduit for any questions, too. If you don’t have one, going directly to your bank can still be useful if you have a strong relationship with them already or you simply want to keep your financial products streamlined. 

Top tips 

• Use your financial network to its fullest – your accountant, broker, and bank all have unique perspectives and valuable insights to share. 

• Talk to your accountant first. They might not have as broad a view on the lending market as a broker, but they will have some invaluable insights to offer about your financial position and recommendations to share as a result. 

• There isn’t a right or wrong approach to take and you can always choose to take a different route. Don’t let uncertainty stop you from starting. 

Step 2: getting a decision in principle 

Once you’ve found a lender (either directly or via your broker), you may first want to get a decision in principle (DIP). 

What is a decision in principle? 

A DIP is a guide of how much the bank is willing to lend you for your mortgage, but it’s important to note that this is not a formal credit acceptance. Rather, it’s a representation of how much your business may be able to borrow according to the lender’s credit appetite and criteria for a mortgage (or remortgage). 

Getting a DIP is a green light for you to proceed with a full application, safe in the knowledge that nobody is wasting their time. 

With some banks this process can take several weeks, but many others will be able to turn it around far quicker. At Allica, for example, your relationship manager will aim to turn around a decision-in-principle for you by the next working day. 

What you’ll be asked to share 

At this stage, you won’t need to submit too much information. It should be an easy process for most businesses to find the following: 

• Basic information about your business (company number, ownership, and top-line financial figures). 

• An estimated value of the property. 

• The amount you wish to borrow and the size of your deposit (your loan-to-value ratio). 

The DIP process is a bit like the first steps of due diligence that an investor would take before making a deal. Lenders want to make sure there are no obvious red flags (e.g. an unrealistic loan-to-value ratio) before they go any further. They will also do a few preliminary checks on Companies House and several other data sources to get a high-level look at your business. 

If and when you’ve got your decision in principle, you can then move on to complete a full application. 

Top tips 

• Getting a DIP is a great way to test whether you will be able to buy a commercial property. It won’t affect your credit score and won’t commit you to anything with the lender. 

• The hardcore work comes when making a full application. When collecting information for the DIP, it is a a good opportunity to get together the additional information that will be required when making a full application, should it get to that stage. You can see what that information is below. 

• A rejection isn’t the end of the road to buying a property. Every bank assumes a different risk profile, so you may find that another lender is much happier to provide a DIP. 

Step 3: the full commercial mortgage application 

If you are successful with getting a decision in principle, you will then be able to make a full application.

The full application process might bring up some previously unknown risks – things like structural issues in the property or questions about your business projections. 

What you’ll be asked to share 

• Information about your business, such as: age, ownership structure, and directors and persons with significant control. 

• Your sector and place within it. 

• Basic trading information, such as your Profit & Loss account, Balance Sheet, and Assets & Liabilities. 

• Financials, such as your bank statements and/or previous years’ accounts. 

• Why you want to buy this property and how it relates to your current and future position. 

• Your business plan (which will help them assess risks to your business, management structure and strengths, and how you will service the debt). 

What lenders are looking for 

Overall, lenders are trying to get a fuller picture of your business, your past performance and future plans, your reasons for applying, your ability to service the debt, and how the specific property you’re looking at fits into that context. 

They want to construct a narrative that explains your property purchase as part of a clear and congruent past, present, and future for your business. Debt isn’t serviced on past performance, of course, but it’s really useful context and anchoring to understand your track record. 

The decision 

Once you’ve made your application, it’s up to the bank to decide how to proceed: 

1. If it’s a yes, they like the look of your business, plans, and financials and are happy to proceed. Your bank will issue you an offer letter that, in effect, says that they have approved you for £X credit. Everyone signs on the dotted line and the next step begins! 

2. If it’s a maybe, they might have more questions about your financials (e.g. a few more years of accounts or some management information) or your business plan. 

3. If it’s a no, in most cases a good bank won’t just say ‘no thank you’ and wave goodbye. Instead, they should explain why it doesn’t work and how they might be able to help your business in other ways (with other lending products or broader advice), to hopefully move you towards a healthier position in the future. If you have a relationship manager, they can also point you towards other people that might be able to help. 

Top tips 

• There’s no such thing as ‘too much information’. The more you have prepared and are ready to share, the easier and faster it will be for lenders to decide, gather more years of accounts than strictly necessary, prepare a file on the property, and make multiple copies of everything. 

• Share this information as early in the process as you can – ideally on the day you make your full application. 

• Don’t try to present a certain picture of your business. Instead, share the fullest picture you can. Accuracy matters and lenders don’t need you to be a perfect, flawless business to secure a loan. 

• If there is something you think could be a concern for the lender (e.g. a temporary drop in sales), be open and add some context. Showing that awareness and explaining your plans to mitigate or overcome a difficult period can be all that’s needed to reassure a lender. They’ll also be more likely to find ways to make things work if you’re upfront about it, rather than waiting for it to come out in the wash further down the line. 

• Management decisions (inputs) can reveal a lot more than the numbers they produce (outputs). Businesses are nothing without the people running them, so offering assurances about how you operate, not just your bottom line, will help a lot. 

• When making business projections, give some context around why you think you’ll achieve those figures. One of the best business projections I ever saw had three bullet points beneath each section, explaining the assumptions that were made. It answered nearly every question I would otherwise have had, and made it an easy decision to make. 

Step 4: valuation and the legal bits 

This is the part that can drag on a bit. There are a lot of legal particulars to agree on, assurances required for all parties, and lots of it happens through intermediaries. 

It’s the part where you relinquish the most control, too, which is never a nice feeling. There are lots of cogs in the machine and administrative tasks, which can cause a lot of hold-ups. If you have a relationship manager at your bank, they should be able to keep on top of this part for you. 

Typically, this stage can take several months (4-6 months is a good ballpark, in my experience), but it can be done much quicker if there are no complications or delays. It all begins with making an offer and the seller accepting it. Once that is agreed, the hard work can start. 

Instructing a valuation 

The first step is that your lender will instruct a valuation — this is their way of checking that the property is worth what it’s been listed for. They will almost always use an external property surveyor to conduct this assessment, for both their expertise and impartiality. 

This valuation will help the lender see where the price sits against comparable properties and trends within the local area. And, more importantly, will instruct them of any risks or issues (structural damage, environmental issues like Japanese knotweed, or a need for repairs). No lender wants to provide funds for a property that’s built on failing foundations. 

All of this is to confirm that the amounts of money being exchanged between all parties are fair, representative of the market value, and secure as a line of credit. 

Once the valuation is complete and everybody agrees on the price (not always the easiest), the next steps can begin. 

A lot of legal leg-work 

There are plenty of legal procedures to follow, so I won’t go through everything here. Instead, I’ll focus on some of the most important ones to at least give you a sense of what’s involved. 

• Checking ownership – does the seller have the legal right to sell the property, are there any other owners, does anybody else have a claim to the property? 

• Reviewing rights – land rights are sperate to property ownership and it’s important that you’re clear on who owns the ground the property is built on. There are also other rights to consider, e.g. rights of way (will the public be allowed to pass through your premises?). 

• Conducting searches – these searches concern the assorted public authorities and departments that relate to the property. For example: drainage and water, environmental, and flood risk. 

A lot of these legal steps are out of your hands, but it will help if you are quick to respond to any questions that come your way and are proactive in your collaboration with your legal representatives and the seller. 

Top tips 

• Stay proactive and stay patient – you can’t influence everything at this stage. Sometimes the best you can do is be ready to share information and send responses quickly while the wait goes on. 

• I strongly recommend appointing a solicitor with strong commercial mortgage expertise. This is a specialist area and someone without that experience will be more likely to miss something or cause delays. 

• Ask your legal representative upfront about what you can do to make their life easier (and the acquisition faster). 

• Stay professional. I’ve heard enough stories about buyers who get frustrated and say or do something they regret in the heat of the moment. If you’re finding the process frustrating, it can be good to sleep on it and soothe your passions a little. Your bank relationship manager will also be happy to talk any frustrations through with you. 

Step 5: drawdown 

Provided everything so far has gone to plan and everything’s been agreed, the exchange and transaction will finally be able to take place. What happens now is: 

1. You will be asked to provide details of your nominated bank account 

2. The bank will create a loan account 

3. The money is generated and tied to you as your liability 

4. The funds are exchanged 

5. Payments begin, usually the next month (or quarter) after you exchange. 

And then, well… then you’re done! 

Step 6: collect your keys 

The best bit! At the end of it all, you end up with a new set of keys, a big move, and a bright vision of the future. 

Nothing beats that feeling of stepping foot in your new premises for the first time as its legal owner. 

Top tips 

• Enjoy it and pop a bottle of something fancy to celebrate! 

Wrap-up 

That’s it… I appreciate there’s a lot of information, but the more you know, the easier you can make the process and the sooner you can move into the next phase of your business. 

Whether you are applying for a commercial mortgage with Allica Bank or another lender, I really hope the process goes well for you. Expanding your business – either by acquiring your own premises or one that you will rent out – is an absolute joy as a business owner and I wish you nothing but the best of luck with it. 

Explore commercial mortgages with Allica Bank 

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